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- <text id=90TT2119>
- <title>
- Aug. 13, 1990: Bulgaria:A Surprise At The Top
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Aug. 13, 1990 Iraq On The March
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 28
- BULGARIA
- A Surprise at the Top
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Opposition leader Zhelyu Zhelev is the unexpected choice to
- become the country's first non-Communist leader in four decades
- </p>
- <p> Although they won more than half the seats in the 400-member
- parliament in June's elections, Bulgaria's former Communist
- leaders have been struggling to keep a grip on power and hold
- their newly renamed Bulgarian Socialist Party together. The
- internal crisis was triggered early last month when President
- Petar Mladenov, who deposed longtime Stalinist leader Todor
- Zhivkov in November 1989, stepped down under pressure. Mladenov
- had angered opposition groups and liberal members of his party
- by suggesting that tanks be used to break up a pro-democracy
- demonstration last December.
- </p>
- <p> After Mladenov's departure, the Socialist leadership agreed
- in principle that a non-Socialist should fill the presidency.
- But last week saw their hopes of installing a candidate of
- their choice dashed. After five ballots ended in deadlock,
- members of parliament, by a vote of 284 to 105, elected as
- President Zhelyu Zhelev, the leader of the opposition Union of
- Democratic Forces. Zhelev, who ran unopposed after all parties
- withdrew their initial candidates, needed a two-thirds majority
- of the members present to win.
- </p>
- <p> In the June balloting the U.D.F. had won only 144 seats,
- compared with the Socialists' 211. But Zhelev, 55, a
- philosopher turned politician and longtime anticommunist,
- managed to hold his own fractious movement together at a time
- when the rifts in the Socialist Party were growing wider daily.
- In the end, he won the presidency with the help of votes from
- reformers within the Socialist Party. The new President will
- have the power to call fresh parliamentary elections.
- </p>
- <p> Zhelev's victory threw the former Communists into further
- disarray: several party branches and many prominent officials
- immediately announced that they would break away from the
- Socialist Party. Reformers, who were planning a purge of the
- Old Guard at a party congress in October, welcomed the
- resignation threats. So did protesters camped in front of the
- presidential palace, who have vowed that they will remain there
- until all Communist hard-liners are removed from government.
- </p>
- <p> Zhelev says he wants a "strong, competent government";
- observers believe that will mean an administration of
- technocrats drawn from both the Socialists and the U.D.F. The
- new Prime Minister is likely to be Socialist leader Andrei
- Lukanov, 52, one of the party's leading reformers. Urbane and
- articulate, Lukanov was Prime Minister under Mladenov and
- stayed on as the party leader when Mladenov was forced out.
- Lukanov has the support of many opposition leaders because of
- his grasp of economic issues and generally evenhanded approach
- to political problems. He favors a government of national
- unity, arguing that broad consensus will be needed to implement
- the drastic economic changes necessary to remodel a dispirited
- and state-dominated economy along free-market lines.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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